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Title: Water Vapor And Its Effect On Gas Volume Determination
Author: W. F. Barker
Source: 1978 Gulf Coast Measurement Short Course (Now called ASGMT)
Year Published: 1978
Abstract: Water in a vapor state is a gas and all natural gas contains water in one form or another. Ideally natural gas is comprised only of combustible components and exists as a family of hydrocarbons, each of which consists of matter containing so many parts of carbon and so many parts of hydrogen, thus the designation hydrocarbon. However, natural gas contains, in addition to combustible, two other types of matter: diluents and contaminants. Diluents dre exactly as the name implies. A diluent is a non-combustible gas and because it is not combustible it dilutes the total mixture, or reduces its strength per unit volume, like adding water to bourbon. The most prevalent diluents in natural gas are carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water vapor. These components are mass, do occupy space, and are normally part of the hydrocarbon environment, but contain no BTU value. Diluents will reduce the energy in a cubic foot of natural gas while the volume remains constant and this affects the gas much like cereal or filler does to hamburger meat. The undesirability of having diluents and contaminants in a natural gas stream are many and are associated with horsepower, pipeline capacity, freezing, internal corrosion, volume regulation,etc., causing flow disruptions, erroneous measurement and overall inefficient gas transmission operations.

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