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Title: Orifice Meters For Liquid Measurement
Author: Zaki D. Husain
Source: 2008 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 2008
Abstract: According to Webster dictionary, orifice is a mouth like aperture and meter is an instrument that measures. So, orifice meter is a circular opening in a pipe that measure. In early 1600 Castelli and Tonicelli were first to state that the velocity through a hole in a tank varies as square root of water level above the hole. They also stated that the volume flow rate through the hole is proportional to the open area. It was almost another century later in 1738, a Swiss physicist Daniel Bernoulli developed an equation that defined the relationship of forces due to the line pressure to energy of the moving fluid and earths gravitational forces on the flowing fluid. Bernoullis theorem has since been the basis for flow equation of flowmeters that expresses flow rate to differential pressure between two reference points. Since the differential pressure can also be expressed in terms of height or head of liquid above a reference plane, a differential-pressure type flowmeter is often called Head-type Flowmeter.

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