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Title: Prediction Of Gas Temperatures Of Buried Pipe Lines
Author: Laurance S. Reid
Source: 1950 Southwestern Gas Measurement Short Course (Now called ISHM)
Year Published: 1950
Abstract: The formation of gas hydrates is a continuous threat to the operation of high pressure gas gathering systems during cold weather. In many areas, ground temperatures fall well below hydrate formation temperatures so that the gas cools rapidly, water vapor condenses and hydrates form with relative ease. Frequently, line stoppages result when hydrates form and are compacted in a pipe bend or in a valve or regulator setting. These plugs are hard to locate and even harder to eliminate. Often they result in extended interruptions to deliveries, upset production quota schedules. and sometimes endanger upstream facilities because of excessive pressures. An extended flow stoppage allows the gathering line to cool to ground temperature More water is condensed which may form hydrates when flow is resumed and the gas-water mixture agitated, so it is often difficult to keep a gathering line in service once it has been shut in. This is particularly true in long, small-diameter lines handling relatively small quantities of gas.

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