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Title: Effect Of Orifice Plate Manufacturing Variations On Orifice Meter Performance
Author: Marybeth Nored
Source: American Gas Association 2009
Year Published: 2009
Abstract: In 2004, the Gas Technology Institute and the American Petroleum Institute (API) sponsored research at Southwest Research Institute to gather a new set of low pressure orifice meter data to support the orifice plate expansion factor research1. The results of this exploratory study were used to justify the equation for the expansion factor in the orifice meter standard, AGA Report No. 3, Part 1, also known as API MPMS Chapter 14.3, Part 1 (Reference 3). One requirement for the expansion factor research stipulated by the API Chapter 14.3, Part 1 Working Group was that Cd values measured under baseline (reference) conditions should fall within the 95% confidence limit for the Reader-Harris/Gallagher (RG) equation for the data to be used in the research. Surprisingly, during the 2004 research the measured discharge coefficient for several orifice plates was found to lie outside the confidence interval of the RG equation. This effect could produce a flow metering error for the orifice meter if the same orifice plate was used to measure flow with the RG regression equation. The cause of the orifice metering error was traced to physical variations in the plates themselves (predominately the sharpness of the leading bore edge). The plates in question were returned to the manufacturer, who tested them in a water flow and concurred with SwRIs findings.

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