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Title: Effects Of Flow Conditioning On Liquid Measurement
Author: Klaus J Zanker
Source: 2005 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 2005
Abstract: Pipe fittings such as: bends, Tees, reducers, headers, valves, filters, strainers, heat exchangers, etc, affect the velocity profile in the downstream pipe. These profile distortions are known to affect the performance of flow meters. The magnitude of the effect depends upon both the severity of the distortion and the sensitivity of the meter (Ref. 1). One solution to these problems is to use long straight lengths of pipe upstream of the meter. Friction effects on the wall of the pipe will eventually extend to the center of the pipe to produce a fully develop velocity profile, which no longer changes with any additional pipe length. Unfortunately this can take very long lengths (hundreds of diameters), which is often neither practical nor economic. Other possible solutions are to design meters that are less sensitive to velocity profile distortions, or design flow conditioners that produce good velocity profiles in very much shorter lengths of straight pipe.

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