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Title: Flow Meter Installation Effects
Author: Edgar B. Bowles, Jr Adam Hawley
Source: 2012 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 2012
Abstract: There are many causes for natural gas flow rate measurement errors at field meter stations. Many of the sources for meter error are identified in the proceedings of this conference. For instance, errors can result from an improper installation configuration, calibration of a meter at conditions other than the actual operating conditions, or degradation of meter performance over time. Industry standards have been developed to help meter station designers and operators avoid situations that would produce gas metering errors. Typically, gas meter standards address meter design, construction, installation, operation, and maintenance. Most of the standards focus on the flow meter and the piping immediately upstream and downstream of the meter. Research has shown that many meter types, particularly inferential meters, are susceptible to errors when the flow field at the meter is distorted. The sources of flow field distortions are many. The piping geometry upstream of a flow meter can create flow distortions that may propagate several hundred pipe diameters downstream before completely dissipating. Sudden changes in the pipe diameter either upstream or downstream of a meter may also introduce flow field distortion. Branch flows, such as those produced by meter station headers, control valves, regulators, and other flow restrictions or expansions, can also create distortions in the flow

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