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Title: Industry Operating Experience Of Pipelines Tested To 90% And Above Smys
Author: Stephen A. Bergman
Source: American Gas Association 1973
Year Published: 1973
Abstract: In the early 1950s it become apparent to builders of natural gas pipelines that there had to be a better way to test after construction was completed than to use gas as the testing media. When a pipe failure was initiated it was found that the stored energy in gas compressed to 50 or 60 atmospheres could cause long brittle type pipe fractures that industry had not heretofore experienced. The three ingredients present in early 1950 that precipitated long fractures were: (1) large diameter. (2) solid welded (no couplings), and (3) high steel transition temperatures.

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