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Title: Flare Measurement Advanced Ultrasonics
Author: John Chitty
Source: 2011 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 2011
Abstract: There has been an increased awareness by oil and gas companies in North America toward emissions monitoring and reduction for both environmental and economical reasons. For years, several countries worldwide have had stringent regulations in place. Regulations were implemented in 1993 relating to the measurement of fuel and flare gas for calculation of CO2 tax in the petroleum activities on the Norwegian continental shelf. Inevitably, oil companies operating in the region had to comply with these regulations. With new government legislation, producers, refineries and chemical companies have been looking for a cost effective solution to reduce emissions and to provide tighter control for both leak detection and mass balance. To tolerate the extreme process conditions often found in a flare line, yet provide accurate measurement to comply with international regulators such as the Energy Resources Conservation Board in Canada, the European Union, or the Texas Commission of Environment Quality, the technology of choice is important. Several metering technologies have been tested with little success. To understand why the results have been dismal, one needs to fully understand the challenges associated with the application. Further investigation towards the effects of sonic noise generated from high gas velocities, elbows, Ts, and pipe segments, has been conducted and the results detailed in this paper

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