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Title: The Dependence Of Saddle Fusion Bond Strength On Joining Conditions For Polyethylene Gas Pipe
Author: Sudheer m. Pimputkar, J. A. Stets, Michael m. Mamoun
Source: American Gas Association 1991
Year Published: 1991
Abstract: Polyethylene is commonly used for gas distribution piping where pressures do not exceed 100 psi. The most common method of joining polyethylene pipe together and to polyethylene fittings is by heat fusion. Typically, surfaces to be joined are heated, melted, and then pressed together. Part 192 of the Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, which contains the Minimum Federal Safety Standards for the transportation of gas and pipeline facilities, requires that the joining procedures be qualified, the joiner be qualified, and the inspector of the joint be qualified. Butt, socket and saddle joints are common types of heat fusion joints. The dependence of the strength of butt fusion joints and socket fusion joints on the joining conditions was investigated previously (References 1 to 4) while saddle joints are discussed here. The joining procedure for saddle joints is shown schematically in Figure 1. The external surface of the pipe and the under surface of the saddle fitting are heated simultaneously for a specified time by bringing them into firm contact with the heater which is at a specified temperature. The adequacy of the melt is determined by the heating time. After the heating phase, the heater is removed quickly and the fitting is positioned so that it is perpendicular to the base pipe. The time between heater removal and insertion of the pipe is termed dwell time. The joint is held and allowed to cool without movement for a prescribed time, termed cooldown time.

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