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Title: Marine Crude Oil Measurement Systems
Author: Peter P. Jakubenas
Source: 2012 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 2012
Abstract: The accurate determination of quantity and quality of crude oil or refined products transferred from shore to tanker or tanker to shore, or FPSO or FSO to transport tanker is the function of Marine Crude Oil Terminal Measuring Systems. From the measurement data, a Bill of Lading can be prepared and transport costs, taxes, royalties, and customs fees can be computed. Low uncertainty of measurement is essential as each tanker load represents a value of about 100 million dollars. About is not good enough. Precise measurement of quantity and quality is essential. Even errors of + 0.1% represent a significant amount of revenue. In addition to low uncertainty, meter systems offer several other advantages over older more traditional tank gauging methods. Compared to pipeline measurement, these systems tend to be much larger as high intermittent flow rates are required to keep ship loading times reasonable. Specification guidelines for meter systems and associated equipment are presented in this paper

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