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Title: FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF DIAPHRAGM DISPLACEMENT METERS
Author: Robert Bennett
Source: 2023 American School of Gas Measurement Technology
Year Published: 2023
Abstract: The first gas company in the U.S., The Gas Light Company of Baltimore, Maryland, founded in 1816, struggled for years with financial and technical problems while operating on a flat rate basis. Its growth was slow with the charge for gas service beyond the pocketbook of the majority. By comparison, the New York Gas Light Company, founded in 1823, prospered and expanded. They had built their system on the use of gas meters to measure the supply of gas to customers, and a large one to register the quantity made at the station before it is conveyed to the gasometers. The pattern of operation used by this New York company was quickly copied by other companies throughout the East Coast, including the Baltimore company. Seeing the success, New York businessmen formed new gas companies in Albany, Boston, Philadelphia, New York, etc. and the new U.S. gas distribution industry began to flourish. Since this early beginning, meters have been an important, integral element in every phase of gas industry operations. Various types of meters are used diaphragm, rotary, turbine, and orifice each serving a definite purpose and meeting specific requirements. These four common types of meters can be broken down into two distinct categories: positive displacement and inferential. Diaphragm and rotary meters fall into the positive displacement category because they have well-defined measurement compartments that alternately fill and empty as the meter rotates. By knowing the volume displaced in each meter revolution and by applying the proper gear ratio, the meter will read directly in cubic feet or cubic meters. Turbine and orifice meters, on the other hand, have no measurement compartments to trap and then release the gas. These meters are inferential meters in that the volume passing through them is inferred by observing or measuring some physical characteristic.

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