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Title: Reducing Bias And Uncertainty In Process Gas Quality Measurements
Author: Paul Holland
Source: American Gas Association 2004
Year Published: 2004
Abstract: Gas is traded on amount of energy which is derived from the measurement of volume and the amount of energy per unit volume (heating value or calorific value). The physical measurement of volume flow is not considered in this paper. The heating value is a property, which can be measured directly by combustion calorimetry, but the application of such technology in an on-line process scenario is expensive and fraught with difficulty. Hence, the property is now routinely calculated from gas composition data obtained from gas analysis according to ISO6974 1 and ASTM 1945 2. In addition, gas properties of Wobbe index, density and compression factor can also be derived from composition through application of the international standards ISO6976 3, GPA 2172 4, ISO12213 5 and AGA-8 6. With sufficiently detailed extended analyses the property of hydrocarbon dewpoint can now be realised through calculation using a suitable equation of state 7, 8, 9.

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