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Title: The Use Of Density Meters And Microprocessors For Energy Measurement And Control
Author: J.Agar, B.W. Balls
Source: 1979 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 1979
Abstract: ANSI/API 25301 shows how natural gas volume and weight flow rates may be calculated from pressure losses across in-line orifice plates. AGA Report No. 52 uses these equations and known relationships between specific gravity and calorific value, to calculate energy flows. Both publications point to weight flow as the simplest and most direct approach, and indicate wider use for the natural gas equations. This paper discusses the advantages of density measurement and shows how a single, in-line density meter may be used with an easily-programmed microprocessor to provide rapid, reliable, low-cost, on-line solutions to the flow and energy equations, without the need for specific gravity meters and calorimeters. Similar techniques enable computation of calorific values - a so-called flameless calorimeter and feed-forward control of fuel supplies for steam generation, process furnaces etc., thereby improving combustion and process efficiencies and promoting energy savings. These techniques increase in value as fuel costs rise and as industry is forced to use more variable gas supplies,

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