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Title: Automated Truck Loading Systems
Author: Jason Casilio
Source: 2008 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 2008
Abstract: The loading of petroleum products at truck loading terminals has undergone a great deal of renovation since the early 70s. These changes, for the most part, have taken place due to the introduction of electronic instrumentation and control devices, which replaced what was traditionally mechanical equipment at the load rack. Through the 80s and into the early 90s this equipment has been refined and its features expanded to meet the needs of modern truck loading facilities. The electronic preset is responsible for much of this improvement, and while product accountability, reduced operating cost and improved inventory control continue to be one of the significant benefits of the electronic preset, government regulations have also had a large impact on the upgrading effort. The Clean Air Act, which many major metropolitan areas comply with, legislates regulations requiring a certain percentage of oxygenates in the gasolines sold in their area. These regulations may prohibit the petroleum products from being directly delivered in their refined form, and may require that they be blended with products such as Ethanol (gasoline) or Biomass (diesel). Combining this with the requirements of mid-grade and higher performance type gasolines for todays fuel-efficient automobiles, the blending requirements start to multiply. (Blending is now required to range anywhere from 99.9/.1 % up to 50/50 % which requires complete flexibility of blending at the load rack.) The scope of this paper will focus on the requirements for blending and how todays electronic preset will meet the challenge by offering a number of blending solutions, the sequential blender, the ratio blender, the side stream blender, and the hybrid blender.

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