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Title: Repairing Bell Joints On Large Diameter Cast Iron Mains Using The Innersealsm Process.
Author: Thomas F. Bonner, James Wagner, Renny Norman
Source: American Gas Association 2000
Year Published: 2000
Abstract: The preferred gas main of the Local Distribution Companies established in the late 1800s was cast iron. Large diameter cast iron mains installed in 1800s and 1900s still transport gas in many metropolitan areas. Many of these gas mains are located in well established, highly congested, metropolitan areas. The maintenance and repair of these mains is more often than not, very expensive, cumbersome, time consuming and a disruption to pedestrian and vehicular traffic. The costs associated with the repair of these bell joints consists of, but is not limited to excavation, sheathing, police details, permitting restrictions, weather conditions, the type of seal used and site




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