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Title: Effects Of Cathodic Protection And Induced Signals On Pipeline Measurement
Author: Russell m. Gosselin
Source: 2008 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 2008
Abstract: In order to calculate flow rates and volumes in natural gas measurement, 4-20 maDC (milliamps direct current) signals are wired to an EGM (Electronic Gas Measurement) device. These signals become 1.0 to 5.0 Volts DC and are then scaled into engineering units to represent static pressure, differential pressure and temperature. Another signal source can be alternating current (AC) frequency signals (sine or square wave) prominently used in linear meter measurement. Both types of signals are used as variables in the AGA (American Gas Association) flow equations used in EGM and often for billing purposes.

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