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Title: A Design Procedure For Uncased Natural Gas Pipeline Crossings Of Roads And Highways
Author: R. N. Pierce, Pliny Rogers, C. L. Rankin, Osborne Lucas
Source: American Gas Association 1977
Year Published: 1977
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present a method for designing uncased natural gas pipehne crossings of roads and highways. The procedures used are not new hut are adaptations of existing techniques which have heen thoroughly tested and validated. The method involves a combined calculation of internal hoop stress in the pipe resulting from the operating pressure of the pipeline and the external stresses resulting from dead load, live load and impact loading. Internal stress if calculated by the Barlow Formula and external stresses by the Spangler Iowa Formula. The Spangler Formula incorporates the Marston Theory for calculation of dead load and the Boussinesq Point Load Theory for live load. Design parameters in the Spangler method have a range of values.

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