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Title: Interface Detection In Liquid Pipelines
Author: Bobbie W. Griffith, Jr.
Source: 2004 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 2004
Abstract: There are over 160,000 miles of liquid pipelines in the United States. The majority of these pipelines carry multiple fluids in the same line. The pipelines are generally grouped into two categories, crude oil pipelines and product pipelines. In both types of pipelines the different fluids are batched into the line and the line is operated in order to minimize mixing of the different fluids. However, there is always part of the batch that mixes with the batch before or after it. If the two fluids are compatible, such as regular unleaded and super unleaded gasoline, then this is referred to as a compatible interface. If the two fluids are incompatible, such as diesel and gasoline, then the interface forms a transmix. Pipeline operators will order the batches in such a way to reduce the degradation of the value of this transmix fluid. It is necessary to detect the interface or transmix when it reaches the distribution point. It is important that this can be done quickly and reliably for all batches transported in a pipeline. Generally the physical properties of the fluids are used to determine the arrival of the interface. The remainder of this paper will focus on the technologies available to detect these interfaces.

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