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Title: Sonic Nozzles
Author: Charles L. Britton
Source: 1975 Appalachian Gas Measurement Short Course
Year Published: 1975
Abstract: The terms sonic nozzle, critical nozzle, choker nozzle, and critical venturi are synonymous terms describing the same flow device. The proper usage of the term nozzle should be used when describing a converging device. Likewise, the term venturi should be used when describing a converging/diverging device. However, common usage over the past several years have intermingled the two terms (nozzle and venturi) until they both describe the same device. The operating principles of sonic nozzles have been known for over a century. However, it has been during only the last 10-15 years that sound design parameters have been developed. In the early 1960*s, Smith and Matz 1* and Stratford 2 put forward design parameters that had excellent theoretical foundations. In 1973, reference 3 was published which gave experimental verification of the theoretical solutions put forward by references 1 and 2. The effect of these three papers is that design criteria for sonic nozzles have been established. Figure 1 gives the design criteria from which most of the experimental data of reference 3 was obtained. To date, the standards organizations, such as The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) or the International Standards Organization (ISO), have not formally accepted a design for the sonic nozzle. Reference 4 gives a design that is similar to that shown in Figure 1. Whenever the formal design is accepted by the standards organizations, it will probably be very similar to that shown in Figure 1.

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