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Title: The Problem With Shunts
Author: David W. Braudaway
Source: 2008 Measurement Science Conference
Year Published: 2008
Abstract: An understanding of the properties of resistance materials and the effects of resistor construction is necessary to assure optimum application. Reviewed are the characteristics of precision resistance alloys, laboratory type moderate- to high- precision resistors and the design and construction of resistors and shunts. The effects of resistor termination and terminals are briefly reviewed with emphasis on the requirements necessary to produce four-terminal connections. In use precision laboratory resistors are often adapted to serve as moderate current shunts, and, equally often, are damaged in the process. Shunts are specified with a maximum current but their characteristic has not often been verified by calibration. Use of a 50 mV shunt to produce 100 mV drop raises the temperature to the value where damage results. Precision calibration of the shunt gives a resistance versus temperature characteristic and reduces uncertainty of the values by about two orders of magnitude.




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