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Title: Spatial And Measurement Bias And Variability In Environmental Measurements
Author: J. Jeffrey Van Be Evan J. Enghmd
Source: 1994 Measurement Science Conference
Year Published: 1994
Abstract: Analytical methods in the laboratory have typically been the focus of attention for QA/QC programs that are developed to minimize and assess errors in environmentaJ measurements. Unforhmately, significant bias and variability occurs before data are reported from the laboratory, and traditional QA&C programs are often inadequam to identify and control these errors. A common problem in developing those QA/QC programs is the lack of clearly stated objectives that would allow everyone involved in the environmentaJ sampling to properly allocate their limited resources consequently, significant sources of error that could affect basic decisionmaking process are often neglected. The decision maker often is unaware of the significant sources of error in the coJlection and analysis of environmental samples and often spends too much money on potential problem areas that have little impact on the decision-making process. Tbis paper provides a framework for prospective de&ion makers and people involved in environmental measurements to develop an integrated, coordinated approach to minimizing, assessing, and controlling spatial and measurement errors.

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