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Title: A Paradox In Measurement Uncertainty Analysis
Author: Hening Huang
Source: 2010 Measurement Science Conference
Year Published: 2010
Abstract: This paper reveals a paradox in the current uncertainty analysis: the expected value of the Students t approach estimated uncertainty is inconsistent with the true uncertainty, or the Type A evaluation of uncertainty is inconsistent with the Type B evaluation, particularly for small samples. The paradox may be resulted from the mix of the mathematical definitions of uncertainty. Mathematically, the true uncertainty defined by the Law of Probability of Errors (LPE) is the half-width of the constant confidence interval of measurement errors. It may be considered as the measurement error limit, which is a measure of the measurement precision. The uncertainty defined by the Students t approach is the half-width of a realization of the random confidence interval of measurement errors

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