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Title: Heat Quantity Calculation Relating To Water Vapor In Natural Gas
Author: Edgar B. Bowles, Jr Darin L. George
Source: 2011 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 2011
Abstract: Natural gas oftentimes contains some amount of water, in either vapor or liquid form. The solubility of water in natural gas flowing through a pipeline is a function of the pressure and temperature of the flow stream. The amount of water affects the heating (calorific) value per unit volume of natural gas. The more water present in the gas, the less valuable it is as a fuel, since the water does not burn. This water, in vapor form, is sometimes referred to as spectator water and it displaces the hydrocarbon components in a natural gas mixture. The net effect is a reduction in heating value and monetary value per unit volume of gas. The amount of water vapor contained in a natural gas mixture is customarily expressed in terms of the mass of water per unit volume of gas for example, pounds mass of water per million standard cubic feet of natural gas (lbm/MMSCF)

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