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Title: Fundamentals Of Pneumatic Controllers
Author: Jan Carman
Source: 1990 International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Year Published: 1990
Abstract: Pneumatic instruments and controllers first appeared in the 1940s and rapidly replaced direct-connected process instruments . Pneumatic transmitters and the associated transmission systems made practical for the first time operation of a process plant from a central control room. Electronic instruments gained popularity in the 50s and 60s with improvements in the reliability of solid-state devices. Modern digital technology is the preferred vehicle today in nearly all new control system installations and upgrades.

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